Patrick Mahomes gave the Chiefs the lead by passing for two touchdowns in the fourth quarter, but the Buccaneers sent the game into overtime after tying the game with 27 seconds left.
Mahomes led the Chiefs down five pass attempts, Kareem Hunt found the end zone from two yards out to put the Super Bowl champions up 8-0.
Harrison Butker put the Chiefs ahead with the only score of the first quarter, a 40-yard field goal.
Rachaad White answered when he ran in from seven yards out, but Mahomes found DeAndre Hopkins to put the Chiefs up 10-7 at the intermission.
Baker Mayfield found Cade Otten from 11 yards out early in the third quarter to restore the Buccaneers’ lead, and Chase McLaughlin made it 17-10 with a 47-yard field goal.
Mahomes — who threw for 291 yards — found Samaje Perine from seven yards out and, after nursing an ankle injury, Hopkins again to swing the momentum the Chiefs’ way in the fourth quarter.
The Buccaneers had time for one last shot, Mayfield finding Ryan Miller from a yard out with McLaughlin’s extra point, sending the game into overtime.
But Mahomes and Hunt settled things down and gave the Chiefs their 14th straight victory dating back to last season.