The raid took place at Kamal Advan Hospital in Beit Lahiya on Friday, with 44 male staff detained, according to the World Health Organization.
Palestinian medical officials said the hospital, which is treating about 200 patients, was severely damaged in the attack.
Israel attacked several hospitals in Gaza during the war, saying Hamas and other militants were using them for military purposes.
Palestinian medical officials deny the claims and accuse the military of recklessly endangering civilians.
The Israeli army has called on Palestinians to evacuate northern Gaza, where it has been waging a major offensive for more than three weeks.
The UN said earlier this month that at least 400,000 people were still in northern Gaza and starvation was widespread as the amount of humanitarian aid reaching the north dropped in the past month.
Israel’s offensive in Gaza has killed more than 43,000 Palestinians, according to local health authorities – who do not distinguish between militants and civilians, but say more than half of those victims are women and children.
The Israel-Hamas war began after Hamas-led fighters punched holes in Israel’s security fence and stormed in, killing around 1,200 people – mostly civilians – and abducting 250 others on October 7 last year.
Meanwhile, Lebanon’s health ministry says the total toll over the past year has been more than 2,600 killed and 12,200 injured.
Fighting in Lebanon has driven 1.2 million people from their homes, including more than 400,000 children, according to the UN children’s agency.
Israeli strikes have killed much of Hezbollah’s senior leadership since fighting flared up in September.